Introduction:
The relationship between the United States and China has reached a critical juncture, with tensions escalating and impacting the global economy. As US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen visits Beijing to engage in high-level meetings, her task of stabilizing the fractious relationship seems daunting. This blog post delves into the challenges hindering the repair of US-China ties while highlighting the key factors that continue to sustain their economic interdependence.
The Chip War:
The escalating battle over semiconductors has become a focal point in the US-China tech war. China’s recent imposition of export controls on critical materials used in chip manufacturing, in retaliation for a US ban on advanced chip sales, underscores the intensity of the conflict. With rare earths potentially becoming the next target, China aims to protect its own tech ambitions. The impact on industries ranging from smartphones to advanced computing raises concerns about global supply chains.
Raids on US Businesses:
Beijing’s crackdown on Western consulting and due diligence firms has unnerved US businesses. Recent raids on consultancies and the update of China’s counter-espionage law have heightened political risks for foreign firms operating in China. This increased focus on national security, spearheaded by President Xi Jinping, has made it harder for foreign entities to navigate the Chinese business landscape. Some companies have even closed their China offices, reflecting the challenging environment.
Possible Restrictions on Investment:
The Biden administration has contemplated new rules to limit American investment in key sectors of the Chinese economy. This move, aimed at impeding China’s military-supported technological development, adds to the mounting geopolitical tensions. Sequoia’s split from its China business and concerns over TikTok’s operations exemplify the challenges faced by US companies navigating the evolving landscape of US-China relations.
De-risking:
Amid calls for decoupling from China, the interdependence between the two economies remains deeply entrenched. However, concerns over geopolitical risks, exemplified by the Ukraine conflict, have prompted efforts to remove China from critical technology supply chains. China vehemently opposes such moves and emphasizes cooperation and economic globalization. While decoupling may seem unrealistic, the notion of “de-risking” and reducing dependency on China gains traction.
Trade Continues Amid Tensions:
Despite the escalating tensions, trade between the US and China remains robust. Both countries continue to be deeply connected economically, with China being one of the top holders of US debt, and the US remaining China’s largest trading partner. The bilateral trade volume reached record levels in 2022. Nonetheless, the full impact of sanctions and commercial restrictions on businesses and consumers is yet to be realized.
Conclusion:
US-China relations face significant challenges as both countries pursue competing strategic interests. Stabilizing the relationship appears arduous due to mutual distrust and divergent policies. While economic interdependence persists, the intensification of conflicts in areas such as technology and investment poses risks to sustained engagement. The outcome of Secretary Yellen’s visit remains uncertain, but it highlights the need for constructive dialogue and cooperation to navigate the complexities of the US-China relationship.
